Jesus had a special mission to the marginalised Essay Example

Jesus had an exceptional crucial the underestimated Essay Jesus had a unique strategic the underestimated clarify this utilizing models from the gospel, and state why this incited an antagonistic response from some Jews.A minimized individual is somebody who out of the blue is on the edge of society.Jesus consistently had an uncommon spot in the hearts of all the minimized individuals he interacted with. Jesus job was in every case clear. He rewarded all of the minimized as he would have gotten a kick out of the chance to have been dealt with himself.In Jesus time many individuals were underestimated simply like in todays society, for exampleLepers were underestimated they were viewed as pariahs in their locale in light of their feared skin infection. Affliction was frequently observed as discipline from God for sin.Tax gatherers were minimized they were viewed as outsiders in their own locale since they regularly duped individuals into accepting they needed to pay more cash for charge. Individuals don't care for being cheated out of hard e arned cash and that is the reason individuals once in a while associated with these duty collectors.Samaritans were underestimated they were viewed as outsiders in their own locale since they had hitched agnostic trespassers, and they had manufactured their own Temple on Mount Gerezim.An case of how Jesus rewarded the minimized is in the story (Luke 5: 12-14) Jesus recuperates a pariah Jesus was in a town were there was a man with a feared skin sickness. At the point when the man saw Jesus he hurled himself down at Jesus feet and asked Sir in the event that you need to u can make me clean Jesus answered I would like to, be spotless the infection left the man and Jesus said Dont reveal to anyoneAnother model Jesus set for us in our treatment of the minimized is (Luke 18: 35-53) Jesus recuperates a Blind Beggar who has confidence A visually impaired man heard that Jesus was passing and he shouted out to Jesus child of David! Show compassion for me, he was advised to stay silent by the group, yet he yelled significantly stronger. Jesus heard his cry and said what do you need me to accomplish for you? he said I need to see again Jesus answered then observe, your confidence has made you well he could see again, and followed Jesus expressing appreciation to God.The Jews could never connect with these individuals and when they saw that a man named the Messiah did this confounded and irritated them greately.As these two models show Jesus rewarded every single minimized individual that he interacted with a ton of regard and love. We should attempt to follow this model Jesus has set for us all.Jesus demeanor for a mind-blowing duration regularly incited a threatening response from certain Jews, as he would frequently challenge their laws and lifestyle. He censured their conduct towards each other and this disappointed them extraordinarily. They felt Jesus was a danger to their great name, and they set about evolving this. A case of how Jesus would outrage them is (Luke 14: 1-24) Jesus mends a wiped out man on the Sabbath Jesus was at a main Pharisees house and individuals were watching him intently. A man whose legs and arms were swollen came to Jesus asking to get recuperated. So Jesus said to the Pharisee Does our law permit mending on the Sabbath or not? the Pharisee couldn't answer Jesus at that point recuperated the man and sent him on.The Pharisees were taking a gander at Jesus and he said to them in the event that anybody of you had a child or bull fall into the well on the Sabbath would you not haul him out without a moment's delay? they couldn't address this inquiry. Jesus frequently put the Pharisees in positions this way, and after some time they got so shocked that they plotted to get Jesus killed. The Pharisees and different strict pioneers of this time were not as acceptable hearted as Jesus, and they couldnt contend with him. They blamed him for lewdness and this is the reason he insulted them and caused an antagonistic response.

Poverty Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Destitution - Assignment Example The result will be the expansion in the per capita salary and improving the expectations for everyday comforts of the individuals. This is additionally ascribed to the way that individuals will take assets and modify them in a way that is increasingly significant to them. At the point when a nation puts resources into the new innovation, the likely yield of the administrations and products will increment. This is on the grounds that the innovation will make the creation procedure to be increasingly effective. For example, the broad motorization that occurred in eighteenth and in nineteenth century empowered the United Kingdom to deliver more yield from not many assets. This empowered them to get one of the completely industrialized economies. As of late, the Chinese government encountered a fast pace of development because of use of the new innovation in their procedure of assembling (Romer, 5). Along these lines, an economy can never develop if not many assets are dispensed to the capital great. A portion of the reasons for neediness in underdeveloped nations incorporate the third world obligation, lower exportation race, poor farming practices, absence of food, absence of innovation, overpopulation and a portion of the individual practices are a portion of the reasons for destitution. The reasons for destitution has gets mind boggling in the worldwide economy. Also, the expansion in salary imbalance prompts destitution, this is on the grounds that the disparity brings down the expectations for everyday comforts of individuals because of pay contrasts (Romer, 6). For example, the pay hole has been on the rising patterns in the US since 1970s, the salary hole mirrors the adjustments in the universal exchange, innovative change, and a decrease in the unionization of all explanation inside the rising pay hole. I do concur with Christine Svellinger, in light of the fact that the facts confirm that the neediness issue has become an unavoidable and huge issue. Nations have had a go at building up the economies with innovation and industry with shifting achievement level. The greater part of the underdeveloped nations come up short on the vital crude materials and abilities from the

Article Review Essay

Directing their investigation as the transitional subsidizing joined to the harmony procedure in Northern Ireland is arriving at its end, the creators look at the job of help in compromise especially with respect to immaterial results, for example, personality development. The thought behind this financing is that it diminishes monetary inconsistencies between the clashing gatherings and that the monetary development began by this subsidizing will proceed into what's to come. These assets originate from the International Fund for Ireland (IFI), which tended to joblessness and neediness in Republican/Loyalist people group; the Peace I reserves, which advanced social consideration, cross-network contact, and financial turn of events; and the Peace II reserves (finished in 2006), which had comparable objectives to Peace I yet focused on nearby, grassroots (nongovernmental) associations. The creators additionally consider the job of outer offices as they intercede in ethnopolitical strife and the significance of network improvement in the harmony procedure. The creators are mindful so as to take note of that financial guide is certainly not an enchantment solution for struggle as this guide, if inappropriately regulated, can on occasion increase basic clashes. To be sure, in Northern Ireland, the methodology has had blended outcomes. In planning their investigation, the creators took both a subjective and quantitative methodology. For the subjective part, the creators met 98 network pioneers, government workers, and improvement officials from Belfast, Londonderry/Derry, and the Border area (Northern Ireland). These meetings comprised of semi-organized inquiries, including those connected to the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale: â€Å"What are your all the best and trusts in your own future? What are your most exceedingly terrible feelings of trepidation and stresses over your own future? What are your all the best and trusts later on for your nation? What are your most noticeably terrible apprehensions and stresses over the eventual fate of your nation? † (page 166). The quantitative information was drawn from the mid year 2006 Northern Ireland Public Opining Survey. The example comprised of 1,023 grown-ups delegate of Northern Ireland’s grown-up populace. The investigation in general was intended to take a gander at the respondents expectations and fears about Northern Ireland’s future. Through the consideration of subjective information, the creators wanted to demarginalize voices that are regularly not heard in the official talks of the harmony procedure. This examination yielded various enticing discoveries. To start with, the creators found that a bigger number of Nationalists than Unionists envision a future where clashing gatherings can see a feeling of shared network. Second, the creators discovered contrasts dependent on sex: a larger number of females than guys saw the open door for building new connections among networks later on. Third, the creators discovered two normal feelings of trepidation/worries that stretch out across religions, sexual orientations, and ages: the dread that savagery in changing the social texture of Northern Ireland and the conviction that government officials are guileful and not keen on serving the requirements of their body electorate. Fourth, the creators found that a larger number of Nationalists than Unionists saw the modernization of the economy and the political structure as means by which to help the harmony procedure. At last, the creators found that more youthful grown-ups were increasingly worried about the potential disappointment of the harmony procedure and the economy than more established grown-ups The creators think about various hypotheses regarding personality arrangement. In planning their investigation, they mulled over geographic contrasts in personality development: I. e. Londonderry/Derry versus Belfast and urban versus provincial areas. They likewise consider how the Irish view movement and the invasion of outside qualities. By and large, this article isn't persuading. Its essential quality is the nitty gritty foundation to the contentions in Northern Ireland, with an emphasis on the monetary circumstances and end results of this contention. This quality doesn't alleviate the impacts of the article’s various shortcomings. To start with, the creators don't expressly express their theory. While exploratory investigations, for example, this one can conceivably uncover significant data, the creators no place express the purposes for the examination. At the point when addresses, for example, character development are being investigated, the perusers need to know the authors’ relationship to the issue. For instance, are the creators some way or another engaged with this ethnopolitical struggle? Or then again, would they say they are taking a gander at it from the point of view of an untouchable? In the event that they are outcasts, does their point of view have a heading on how the respondents answer their inquiries? Second, the creators unequivocally express that they wish to demarginalize those voices that are not normally heard in the official harmony process talk. Be that as it may, in choosing the respondents for the subjective part of the examination, the creators picked network pioneers, government workers, and advancement officials. No doubt these are decisively the voices that are heard in the official talk. Perusers are left to ask why the creators did exclude a progressively delegate test of the number of inhabitants in Northern Ireland for this segment of the examination. Third, this doesn't appear to be an investigation that was planned explicitly to respond to specific inquiries. As noticed, the creators no place express a theory. For the peruser, apparently the quantitative and subjective information appears to have been combined specially appointed. At the end of the day, the investigation doesn't appear to be intended to fit a particular inquiry. Or maybe, the creators seem to have endeavored to respond to questions dependent on the data they had close by. Fourth, as the reason for this investigation was to a great extent to inspect financial job of the harmony procedure, it appears to be a gross oversight that the creators didn't give information on their respondents’ socioeconomics. In the conversation segment, the creators show that they gathered foundation segment data (ideological group, strict perspectives, age, sexual orientation, financial status) on the respondents, however this data was excluded from the outcomes segment and doesn't seem to have been considered in any noteworthy manner. At long last, the examination of the subjective information appears to be somewhat deficient. It would maybe have been more grounded to indentify the normal subjects and subthemes of the reactions, as opposed to utilizing the reactions as illustrative models. As a result of these particular shortcoming just as the authors’ inability to make reference to the confinements of their investigation and to give explicit proposals to how their outcomes can be utilized to produce future examinations as well as to affect the harmony procedure, this article isn't persuading.

Ancient Summeria essays

Antiquated Summeria papers During the hour of antiquated Egypt there lived numerous developments like the Egyptians. One of them being the Sumerians. This human progress lived in Western Asia in a spot called Sumer. The individuals of Sumer had achieved numerous things, for example, composing, a type of religion, and design. The sort of composing the Sumerians utilized was called Cuneiform significance wedged cuneus. Cuneiform, similar to hieroglyphics was comprised of images and markings. In contrast to the Egyptians however, the Sumerians didnt use papyrus to record their composing since papyrus didn't develop in their condition. Rather they utilized sharp sticks called pointer to make their markings on delicate mud, which would then dry. This technique had its points of interest in light of the fact that the composing would last more and changeless. Like the Egyptians the Sumerians had confidence in polytheism, the faith in numerous divine beings. These divine beings looked like people and like people, Sumerians accepted that the divine beings at one point experienced human feelings: love, desire, contempt, outrage and lament. They accepted that the divine beings thought their greatest lament was the production of human life. As a discipline these divine beings would send floods, which would annihilate the Sumerians crops. Since the divine beings were capricious the Sumerians made soothsaying, which helped them anticipate what moves the divine beings, were going to make straightaway. Sumerians didn't have faith in discipline or award after death like the Egyptians did they accepted that they Would live in a shadowy under world. The Sumerians had structures of love called ziggurats. Ziggurats looked like Egyptian pyramids however were not used to burry individuals. A ziggurat where worked in layer and on the tope layer there was a sparkle in which the individuals of the human progress went to revere the god that they had faith in. On these ziggurats there were canvases of tales about the divine beings themselves. The Sumerians may have been attempting to construct an extension among paradise and earth (Eimen and Rober... <!

On the Idle Hill and The Drum Essays

On the Idle Hill and The Drum Essays On the Idle Hill and The Drum Paper On the Idle Hill and The Drum Paper Article Topic: A. E. Housman Poems Verse War, in any shape or structure, influences individuals from multiple points of view. Numerous individuals decide to communicate their emotions and encounters of war in sonnets. The two sonnets I have picked all have various dispositions, structures and rhythms however their importance is no different war is heartless, alarming and trivial. The sonnet On the Idle Hill is by A. E. Housman (1859-1936). Housman composed the sonnet in 1896 and he was not expounding on a specific war however simply the ghastliness of fight when all is said in done. Housman never participated in any war yet caught wind of the fear of it from different people groups encounters. The principal refrain depicts a quiet, cheerful and a warm scene. Words, for example, summer, drowsy and streams accentuates this. Be that as it may, the consistent drummer slices through this quiet climate. It is the sound of the military coming, searching for newcomers to do battle with them. The principal verse is by all accounts about the drum and how it calls individuals to war and tears them away from their homes. The line; Drumming like a clamor in dreams. Causes the drum to appear to be a bad dream, something everybody fears. In the subsequent stanza, the tone is part more troubled and darker. The expressions, Far and close and low and stronger are recommending war is all over the place, and can be seen in various levels everywhere throughout the world. Presumably one of the most striking and ground-breaking lines in the sonnet, Dear to companions and nourishment for powder is extremely stunning and adds an increasingly close to home topic to the sonnet, in light of the fact that the troopers are currently being viewed as companions, fathers and genuine individuals rather than just toys in war. The powder is explosive so the writer is alluding to the way that the men are only nourishment for the war. The war is made to seem like a genuine living thing; this is a genuine case of exemplification. The last line of section two, Soldiers walking, all incredible. is discouraging and it stresses the pointlessness and repulsiveness of war. The rhyme in On the Idle Hill is a b a b and it keeps a moderate, consistent mood all through the sonnet, giving a tragic, despairing tone to the sonnet. The structure is which the author has set out the sonnet, in four refrains; it is powerful on the grounds that every one discussions about an alternate part of war. This sonnet shows A. E. Housmans disdain of fight and how inconsequential and savage he thinks it is. War has clearly influenced him profoundly and we can see from his language all through the sonnet that he feels unequivocally about it. In the two sonnets, the two of them utilize comparative gadgets, for example, analogies, similitudes and embodiment. They were both set in the Pre 1914, the adequacy of the two sonnets have an extremely huge effect in light of these citations: Lovely fellows and dead and spoiled; for the Idle Hill and for the Drum its this: And consuming towns, and demolished lovers, the two sonnets show the wretchedness of war and it impacts the peruser making them, feel increasingly upset for the individuals that did battle and the individuals will think war isn't energetic yet its unpatriotic. The social and social foundation for Drum and Idle Hill are between wars.

MITES, RSI and WTP applications due next week

MITES, RSI and WTP applications due next week The three high school summer programs hosted by MIT MITES, RSI, and WTP have their application deadlines next week. All three are open exclusively to high school juniors. MITES and RSI are free; WTP is subsidized and offers financial aid. Heres a little more about them: Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science (MITES) is a rigorous six-week residential, academic enrichment summer program for promising high school juniors who are interested in studying and exploring careers in science, engineering, and entrepreneurship. The Research Science Institute (RSI), sponsored by the Center for Excellence in Education and MIT, is a rigorous academic program which emphasizes advanced theory and research in mathematics, the sciences, and engineering. The Womens Technology Program (WTP) is a residential summer program in the MIT Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) to introduce high school girls to EECS in the summer after 11th grade. The four-week program includes rigorous classes in computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics taught by women PhD candidates in the MIT EECS Department, and allows girls to explore through hands-on experiments and team-based projects. Please note that all three applications require essays, teacher recommendations, and transcripts, and all three have extremely competitive admissions. If you are planning to apply to one of these programs, dont procrastinate! MIT K-12 Educational Outreach Programs Read more MIT Admissions Blogs McGanns Factors Home

Effective Bilingual Education Models in K- Classrooms - Free Essay Example

Definition of Bilingual Education The term bilingual education is used to refer to instructional programs that provide students with an education in two languages (Freeman, Freeman, Ramirez p. 60). When de? ¬?ning bilingual education in K-12 classrooms, it is important to understand its goals. According to Stephen Krashen, the first goal is to teach students English, and the second goal is to nurture students native language development. To be effective, well-designed bilingual education programs require researched based models with adequately trained teachers and staff to execute them. Schools that consider implementing a bilingual education program put all students in a favorable position to not only become academically successful, but also become marketable for future careers. Bilingual Education Program Models The two-way dual language enrichment model (DLE) is one that is noted for its effectiveness in closing the achievement gap for ELLs. Students learn content together in two different ways using two languages. For example, if my middle school had six ELLs then it is possible that six English-dominant students would form a two-way DLE classroom. In these programs, though, there can be considerable variation in the ethnicity and race of the native English speakers. N ative English speakers may include all races except Hispanics. Often, students come from different social and economic backgrounds. ELLs are in a heterogeneous environment where they learn from their native English speaking peers as well as achieve high academic success from a curriculum taught 50% in English and 50% in a second language. The one-way dual language enrichment model (DLE) is similar to the two-way DLE model. It only differs in the demographics of the student body in the classroom. One example that is widely used is the Gomez and Gomez model. Specifically, if my school had only Spanish speaking ELLs, the students would begin literacy instruction in their first language but always study math in English and science and social studies in Spanish. Time is allotted for music and art which would be taught by alternating languages each day (Freeman, Freeman, Ramirez p. 71). In addition, I found the language of the day feature to be of great importance because ELLs can continue to build a rich vocabulary that encourages bilingualism. If they encounter staff members, they could discuss simple topics such as the schools announcements. This model also promotes high academic achievement. Although I dont currently serve an ELL population at my school, I prefer this model because of the area in which I live the possib ility of Spanish speaking students would most likely be the case rather than any other language. My goal would be to provide an environment that is non-threatening in which the ELL feels comfortable in taking risks, and build on the ELLs experiences to maximize academic success. Benefits of Bilingual Education In a society that is increasingly bilingual, school districts must realize the benefits of establishing these programs as early as Kindergarten. Foreign language is a core high school graduation requirement in the state of Arkansas; however, it would be more valuable if students were exposed to a second language at an early age. How would this impact their future? Students would become proficient in two languages before high school graduation. I firmly stand on the mission that I teach to produce lifelong learners. This topic has given me a new outlook on the phrase, college and career ready. I now see how students could become great assets to major companies if they were active participants in a K-12 bilingual education program. With this in mind, if more bilingual programs were implemented in school districts, students would have a competitive academic advantage. Exposing students to new concepts in a second language enhances their knowledge as well as broaden their perspective of different cultures. Resources Freeman, Y. S., Freeman, D. E., Ramirez, R. (2008). Diverse learners in the mainstream classroom: Strategies for supporting all students across content areas: English language learners, students with disabilities, gifted/talented students. Bilingual Education (pp. 59-76). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

How Many Essay Revisions are Enough

Revision before exams is a necessity for most candidates who are planning to take an exam so as not to be disappointed of the exam result. Therefore so as to be able to succeed a candidate does need to put in some effort in his or her revision. So the number of revisions that you need should not be as a number. It all depends on the level of your understanding on the particular topic or field you are about to cover. To be enabling to succeed in exams candidates should start their revision at the beginning of the year with will enable the candidate not to just memorize the information but also really understand what he is reading during the exam period. From each class a student attends he should have all the necessary notes and be able to summarize it after the classes so as during the time of exams the quantity of information won’t overwhelm the individual. During the exam period candidates should create flash cards to test themselves as that will make them feel confident before the exam. This ensures the students have enough courage and enables them to fight the exam fever or tension. However as other do not feel comfortable starting the process at the beginning of the years they should set enough time aside for their revision be it 2-3 months before the exams. This will stop cramming before exams in which the candidate at the end of exams will forget the information. In other instances if the candidate puts in enough effort in his work this will enable the individuals to have an easy time during the time before the exams as all he has to do is just go over his notes. It feels good when answering your tests and it feels something like a de javu. That makes it more of an answering and marking scheme for the student. Moreover revising for exam is not about how many times one is to revise but how he does his revision, other candidate does agree that instead of going hours on end revising the best method is to have short breaks within session of 2 hour. That will provide balance between working and relaxing by going for a walk or just watching some television or listening to some music. Other candidates when they revise they do not want any sort of disturbance therefore they prefer to be the only person in the room since that does seem to work for them. All in all the best method of revision identified is to start the revision some months before the exams this will provide the right amount of time to start the revision slowly. After some sort of mock the candidate can therefore intensify his revision by making shorter notes, going through the revision guides and making of posters. To have a feel of the exam the candidate can test himself by doing some past papers over and over gains so as to be able to identify the repeated sort of questions in the exam. In a given day the candidate can have different session for different topics with each topic taking 2 hours and having 5 sessions per day. This will assist in managing the subjects and will help in identify the weak areas that need more effort and time. Lastly each exam is not the same consequently a CAT doesn’t need the same amount of time as the final exams in such instances more priority should be given to exams which way more in terms of final results.

Popular Sovereignty or Cosmopolitan Democracy Free Essay Example, 4500 words

The Persians invaded Greece and captured their territories, but were unable to maintain their position for long. The freedom fighters raised revolts against the tyranny and they had to quit their land ultimately. Moreover, the Persians used to destroy the economic stability of the Athenians and captured their finances resulting in significant losses of the economy. Tumin also supports the existence of social classes in primitive ages. According to historical and archaeological records, he states, stratification was present even in the small wandering bands that characterized the society in the earliest days of man. In such primitive conditions, according to him, both age and sex in combination with physical strength must have been important criteria of stratification. (1978: p 16). It is a fact beyond doubt that man is rebelled by nature and cannot abide by the statute of laws and the set of norms for long. Thus, there is always a need for implementation of policies by force in a po litical set up. The force may be the political, militarily or republic. If one wants , Machiavelli opines, to preserve a city that is accustomed to being independent and having free institutions, it is more easily held by using its citizens to govern it than in any other way. (Quoted in Porter, 1997: p 226) Machiavelli declares the use of force an essential element to maintain order in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Popular Sovereignty or Cosmopolitan Democracy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now He suggests to the new ruler three ways of holding a sovereign state, which includes destroying of the existing institutions, living in the same area of rule, and let the population continue to live according to their prevailing rules of law. He considers the first one as the most favorable one in order to run a powerful system of government and maintain peace and harmony within the republic as well as citizenship. The renowned German philosopher Karl Marx maintains some different view in this regards. He considers conflict as the solution of political and social turmoil and predicts the evidence of a revolution in case of the anarchical situation in a society, where unequal distribution of wealth and resources create a socio-political turmoil.

Faustus, By Dr. Faustus - 2669 Words

At the play’s outset, Dr. Faustus is in his study contemplating what academic discipline is the most fulfilling. He reviews a number of disciplines in his mind, such as logic and medicine (which he believes he is already adequately distinguished in), and law and theology (which he believes to have inherent inadequacies). Dr. Faustus’s route from religion to magic seems to be forcedly cobbled together in order to elicit a certain emotion towards sophists as a whole, and Marlowe laboriously thrusts Dr. Faustus into becoming an embodiment of the term â€Å"thinker† in its Momentarily pejorative context. Faustus is represented on the surface as a free-thinker who perhaps thought too much and too freely in his time, and though Faustus’s story was often hailed as a perfect depiction of free-thought in excess, Marlowe seems to be more interested in Faustus’s eventual inversion of his epoch’s notion that religion is the necessary vehicle to morality and decency. Faustus is depicted at the play’s beginning as an individual bent on self-gratification. His diverse interests and talents, if we are to take his proclamations of expertise as true, imply that he is not only a very adept individual, but also a rather insatiable one. This will of course be the downfall of Faustus, however the foreboding nature of even this first scene carries implications regarding the text’s treatment of free-thinking, existential experimentation, and non-conformant exploration. Dr. Faustus ventures to theShow MoreRelated Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus - The Folly of Dr. Faustus623 Words   |  3 PagesChristopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus - The Folly of Dr. Faustus Christopher Marlowes tragedy of Dr. Faustus envelops a realm of theological issues around one mans quest for knowledge. Feeling a university education to be inadequate for his purposes, Faustus makes the ultimate sacrifice possible to quench his thirst for otherworldly wisdom. 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The conflict between Dr. Faustus and the belief system ofRead More Dr. Faustus Essay626 Words   |  3 Pages Dr. Faustus nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dr. Faustus, written by Christopher, is the story of a man that represents the common human dissatisfaction with being human. He sells his soul to the devil for what he believes to be limitless power, with full logical knowledge as to the consequences of such a transaction. He knows the stakes of his gamble with the devil. His extensive education and his cultural environment had certainly alerted him as to the dangers associated with Lucifer. Although awareRead More Dr. Faustus Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesDr. Faustus In Christopher Marlowe’s play, Doctor Faustus, the idea of repentance is a reoccurring theme with the title character. Faustus is often urged by others to repent his decision to sell his soul to the devil, but in the end he suffers eternal damnation. Faustus was resigned to this fate because he lacked the belief in his soul of God. He was once a moral and devout man, but greed led him to sin. Although Faustus has signed a contract with the devil in blood, it is obvious that itRead MoreDr. Faustus as an Allegory897 Words   |  4 PagesApril 9th 2013 Allegorical Findings in Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, or in simpler terms Dr. Faustus, by Christopher Marlowe is said to be based on the German legend of Faust, in which a man sells his soul to the devil for hierarchy and knowledge. No Elizabethan play outside the Shakespeare canon has raised more controversy than Marlowe’s tale of Dr. Faustus. Although there is no agreement concerning the nature of the text andRead MoreDr Faustus Analysis1362 Words   |  6 Pagesunrestricted pursuit of knowledge and worldly pleasure? This was the condition of English society during the Renaissance. Christopher Marlowe recognized the dangers posed by such views. 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Rhetorical Analysis of the Grapes of Wrath - 1767 Words

September 7th, 2012 Rhetorical Analysis of The Grapes of Wrath The dust bowl was a tragic time in America for so many families and John Steinbeck does a great job at getting up-close and personal with one family to show these tragedies. In the novel, â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath†, John Steinbeck employed a variety of rhetorical devices, such as asyndeton, personification and simile, in order to persuade his readers to enact positive change from the turmoil of the Great Depression. Throughout the novel, Steinbeck tells the fictional narrative of Tom Joad and his family, while exploring social issues and the hardships of families who had to endure the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression. Steinbeck’s purpose was to challenge readers to look at†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"And over the grass at the roadside a land turtle crawled, turning aside for nothing, dragging his high-domed shell over the grass. His hard legs and yellow-nailed feet threshed slowly through the grass, not really walking, but boosting and dragging his shell a long†¦For a moment he stopped, his head held high†¦At last he started to climbed the embankment†¦As the embankment grew steeper and steeper, the more frantic were the efforts of the land turtle†¦The head upraised and peered over the wall to the broad smooth plain of cement†¦The car swung to the right†¦The turtle had jerked into its shell, but now it hurried on, for the highway was burning hot. And now a light truck approached†¦His front wheel struck the edge of the shell, flipped the turtle†¦and rolled it off the highway†¦.little by little the shell pulled over and flopped upright†¦.And the turtle crawled on down the embankment.† (Steinbeck, 15-16) This is compared to the flight of the migrant workers down Highway 66. â€Å"Highway 66 is the main migrant road. 66-the long concrete path across the country, weaving gently up and down on the map, from Mississippi to Bakersfield†¦66 is the path of people in flight,. ..66 i s the mother road, the road of flight†¦All day they rolled slowly along the road, and at night they stopped near water. In the day ancient leaky radiators sent up columns of steam, lose connecting rods hammered andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rhetorical Analysis- the Grapes of Wrath967 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Analysis- The Grapes of Wrath â€Å"You don’ know what you’re a-doin’,† were Casy’s last words before he died as a martyr. Casy died for his cause, his belief that the elite were not truly aware of how their greed was causing the suffering of the weak and that the weak could only surpass their sorrows if they worked together. Steinbeck uses chapter 25 of Grapes of Wrath to portray this very message. Steinbeck uses an array of rhetorical devices such as symbolism and the use of a instructiveRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1093 Words   |  5 Pages In John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath, Tom Joad and his family are forced from their home during the 1930’s Oklahoma Dust Bowl and set out for California along with thousands of others in search of jobs, land, and hope for a brighter future. The Grapes of Wrath is Steinbeck’s way to expound about the injustice and hardship of real migrants during the Depression-era. He utilizes accurate factual inf ormation, somber imagery, and creates pathos, allowing readers connections to the Joad’s plightRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1075 Words   |  5 PagesKirsten Lloyd Mr. Eldridge AP Junior English 21 August 2014 Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Sometimes even to live is an act of courage.† (Seneca), In the 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the reader accompanies the Joad family as they struggle to escape the crippling Dust Bowl of the mid- 1930’s. In hopes of establishing a new life for themselves after being forced off their land the family embark on a journey from Oklahoma to California in search of fruitful crops and steady work alongRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1174 Words   |  5 PagesCody Kunzman 10/26/2014 The Grapes of Wrath Paper â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† written by John Steinbeck is a classic America novel to say the least. Not only did he create such an inspiring and detailed story line but it was followed up by an Oscar nominated film directed by John Ford. The similarities and differences within the book and the film are very controversial and being able to break down what all happened in each will help a rhetorical analysis to take place in this paper. Rhetorically speakingRead MoreGrapes of Wrath Movie vs. Book Essay2036 Words   |  9 Pagesdetail and narration within the text that isn’t able to be included in movie dialogue. This is displayed in an obvious manner when looking at the John Ford’s movie made for the classic book The Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck. Although both texts follow a similar story line, a stronger rhetorical message is delivered to the audience in the book compared to the movie. Both the book and the movie portray parallel themes, however, spe cific illustrations in the book both strengthen and sensitizeRead MoreSpeech On My Head Fall Into My Hands2037 Words   |  9 Pages so it wasn’t a lunch in the gut when Mr. Frieble assigned the five page research essay. Although our class bonded over groaning about the CRJs, they were pretty manageable after the first few rough ones. Better yet, they did help build my rhetorical analysis skills. Every assignment I recall for the class had a purpose, and while the assignments were arguable harder than necessary, they made for good character building. The two weeks of four CRJs turned boys into men through the topics of tortureRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 PagesSophocles as a man â€Å"who saw life steadily and saw it whole.† The ancient biographer, Phyrnicus, says that Sophocles’ life was happy and that he retained all his faculties to the very end. Sophocles is reported to have died either by choking on raw grapes or by running out of breath while reciting lines from Antigone, his favorite play. The Works of Sophocles Sophocles’ plays were not like those of either Aeschylus or Euripides. His tragedies did not deal with abstract problems of guilt and punishmentRead MoreThomas Hardy Poems16083 Words   |  65 Pagesit joy lies slain, And why unblooms the best hope ever sown? --Crass Casualty obstructs the sun and rain, And dicing Time for gladness casts a moan.... These purblind Doomsters had as readily strown Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain. HAP ANALYSIS Firstly the word hap means that which happens by chance. The poem is a sonnet, although it is presented as three stanzas in that the traditional octave is split into two stanzas each of four lines and the sestet is a stanza on its own. TheRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagespoets such as John Donne wanted to write poems that were not in the style of sentimental Elizabethan love poetry. These poems are known for their use of conceits - unusual analogies such as linking love and a compass. †¢ tendency to psychological analysis of emotion of love and religion †¢ form is frequently an argument †¢ images were â€Å"unpoetical† - drawn from commonplace life or intellectual study 48. meter: rhythmical pattern of a poem 49. metonymy: figure of speech that substitutes somethingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesReasons ................................................................................................ 236 Deceiving with Loaded Language ................................................................................................... 238 Using Rhetorical Devices .................................................................................................................. 240 Review of Major Points .............................................................................................

Why Tuberculosis is a Public Health issue Free Essays

This essay will undertake chiefly about the wellness topic that was assigned to the writer s group which is Tuberculosis, this so accounts for the mortality of several million people each twelvemonth chiefly, in the 3rd universe states. Health appraisal and background Introduction M. TB has been a plague for the human race for centuries. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Tuberculosis is a Public Health issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is grounds to propose that it has perchance been endemic since at least 10, 000 BC. ( Suarez et al. , 2001 ) . At the present twenty-four hours, it is a disease which is increasing on a planetary graduated table ( WHO 2006 ) . Prevalence The WHO has been cardinal in the coordination of a figure of strategies which are targeted at guaranting that quality-assured TB programmes are rolled out in countries which are perceived to be at greatest demand ( WHO 2006 ) . These enterprises have resulted in a state of affairs globally, where 53 % of all people who are diagnosed with extremely morbific TB received intervention in conformity with the internationally recommended TB control scheme in 2004. This compares with 10 % in 1995 as an exemplifying illustration. The WHO reports that 84 % of this group were treated successfully ( WHO 2006 ) . The push of this determination is that, despite the fact that the incidence of TB in the United Kingdom is relatively low, easiness of modern travel allows exposure of the United Kingdom population to some populations where the incidence is well higher ( Scriven A ; Garman, 2005 ) . The bulk of long term migrators, and many visitants travel from the states where there is a high incidence of active TB ( gt ; 40 per 100,000 ) and enter states where the incidence is relatively low ( lt ; 25 per 100,000 ) ( Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society, 2005 ) . To set this in position, the incidence of active TB in the native UK population is in the part of 4.4 per 100,000, and this contrasts with 121 210 per 100,000 in certain nonnative populations. The increased hazard of infectivity of foreign born subjects has been demonstrated to go on for up to 20 old ages after migration ( Baudette A ; Ellis, 2004 ) . It clearly follows that, in low incidence states such as the UK, the nonnative population are responsible for the bulk of new instances of active TB. Studies put the existent incidence between 35 – 70 % of all new instances. ( Euro TB 2007 ) . Current showing and control steps In Western Europe, and North America, presently more than half of all new active TB instances diagnosed occur among nonnative recent migrators. ( Borgdorff, Nagelkerke, new wave Soolingen, de Haas, Veen A ; van Embden 2008 ) Despite the high proportion of active instances now being found in usually low-incidence states which are attributable to nonnative occupants, the impact on the public wellness is comparatively low. A figure of recent surveies ( viz. ITA 2005 ) have demonstrated that the current thorax radiogram testing programmes in topographic point in the UK have small impact and are non cost-efficient. Screening of immigrants with sputum civilization has been demonstrated to better cost-effectiveness marginally. The intervention of latent infection which can be detected through testing with either tuberculin tegument proving or chest radiogram may necessitate the infliction of coercive steps for the mark populations to maximize impact and cost-effectiveness. ( Dahle, Sandven , Heldal A ; Caugant 2003 ) Some governments ( viz. Vernon 2010 ) nevertheless, suggest that, in contrast, contact tracing, peculiarly within cultural communities, appears to be more cost-effective and less intrusive. Taken in overview, in low-incidence states such as the United Kingdom, showing of immigrants at the point of entry appears to hold small overall impact and does non look to be a really cost-efficient TB control scheme. More effectual options have been suggested and these include contact following which is delivered through the primary attention substructure and, on a planetary graduated table, increased investing in planetary TB control ( Davies A ; Macdowall 2006 ) . Rationale and mark group There are a immense figure of possible wellness promotion-related activities in this context. It is clearly beyond the range of a short reappraisal to see more than one facet in any grade of item. This reappraisal will therefore curtail its consideration to wellness publicity mechanisms which can be used to observe, hint and dainty immigrants to the United Kingdom from high TB incidence states. Evaluation of such steps can be from a figure of positions, in the current economic clime of the NHS, which is basically a rationed service, an appropriate appraising tool would be cost-effectiveness. ( Pender, Murdaugh A ; Parsons 2002 ) . Clearly there are other positions, including acceptableness to the immigrant population ( which may be reflected in issues of conformity ) or the existent impact of a relatively little figure of instances of active TB in the community which could be dealt with by trust on the natural herd unsusceptibility of the population and contact tracing as suggested by Ewles ( Ewles 2005 ) The importance of such wellness publicity activities can be gauged from the fact that the bulk of new instances of TB amongst the immigrant population are attributed to a reactivation of a antecedently latent infection. This is most likely to happen within the 2 – 5 year following migration. ( 10 Asbroek, Borgdorff, Nagelkerke, et al. , 2006 ) . Molecular epidemiological surveies have besides shown that a little proportion of new instances can be acquired after migration, with the Chin survey proposing that this would be in the part of 20 – 30 % ( Chin, De Riemer A ; Small 2006 ) . In the UK it has been demonstrated that the kids of nonnative occupants have higher degrees of active TB than the general population and this incidence is increased if regular visits are made to their state of beginning. ( Ormerod, Green A ; Gray 2001 ) Policies: In the UK, specific consideration of the in-migration policy shows that the demand for testing is non cosmopolitan. Immigrants who are meaning to remain longer than 6 months either have to be screened for TB ( and some other complaints ) before come ining the UK or to be screened on reaching. Those who do non be after to remain more than 6 months or are merely tourers are non capable to showing, even those who are coming from a high hazard states. It is considered that it is impractical to test all in these classs and the primary wellness attention installations are expected to pick up sporadic instances opportunistically as they present in the population. If this is contrasted with the wellness publicity policy in the Philippines, one can observe that the scheme in the Phillipines has changed well in the last decennary. It has been noted that the incidence of drug-resistant TB is at its greatest in those with HIV, the urban hapless and the prison populations. The decrease in prevalence is greatest in these groups and the Government has reported that it has achieved a 34 % decrease in notified instances in the last decennary. The National Stop TB Partnership was introduced in 1994 and increasingly expanded. It combined with the National Interagency Coordination Strategy for TB in 2003. In bend, this was superseded with the National Strategic Plan in 2006 which has aimed to cut down the incidence of TB. It would look that the steps to test for TB in immigrants to the Philippines are limited with no demand for short term travelers to be screened. Consideration of the broad image of TB control in the Philippines suggests that the state has been fighting with the issue for many old ages. This has been hampered by considerable economic demands on authorities installations from other need-areas against an increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS, which is a major predisposing factor for the development of TB in this peculiar hazard group. Funding for TB control comes non merely from Philippine national resources but besides from international resources such as the Global Fund On a planetary graduated table the steps reported, and mostly instigated by the WHO, showed that the incidence of planetary TB peaked in 2004 and that the end of cut downing the 1990 mortality rate by half by 2015 appears to be on path, chiefly through the coordination of the DOTS programme. In specific consideration of footings of Health Promotion activity, testing for a peculiar disease is by and large considered justified if, in the frequently quoted analysis of Sackett et al. , the disease is comparatively common and treatable. The ideal screening trial should be cheap, easy to administrate, do no uncomfortableness to the patient, and offer both high sensitiveness and specificity. ( Sackett, Haynes A ; Tugwell 1985 Pg 21 ) . Why Tuberculosis is a Public Health issue: Tuberculosis is said to be a high hazard catching type of disease that could endanger the wellness of the public one time this has non been traced, treated, and isolated. This, holding said can be fatal but most decidedly curable. It can be transmitted through a simple sneezing or cough by person who has been infected by this disease, the bacteriums can so be spread through the air and anyone nearby who can inhale it can acquire infected. The bacteriums normally dwell in the lungs, where it normally grows. It might remain and the organic structure s natural defence might discontinue the bacteriums from turning and become hibernating but one time the organic structure s immune system is at below par, this is where the danger sinks in ( WHO, 2007 ) . The manner of transmittal is undeniably effortless and giving therefore should be considered a menace to every person most particularly to the vulnerable groups ( the elderly, the babies, the pregnant adult females and those whose immune s ystem is depressed ) . Bradshaw s demands If one considers the wellness publicity issues from a theoretical point of view, one can observe that Bradshaw attempted to specify demands. Taking a social position Bradshaw categorised demands as normative ( distinguished by professionals, such as inoculation ) , felt ( wants, wants and desires ) , expressed ( vocalised demands or how people use services ) and comparative demands, which indicates that needs originating in one location may be similar for people with similar socio-demographic features populating in another location ( Bradshaw 1972 Pg 22 ) . This probe will be normative in this context as it will chiefly see the issue from the population needs as defined by health care professionals. ( Downie, Tannahill A ; Tannahill 2002 ) . Need for testing Further accent for the demand for good wellness publicity activities comes from consideration of the economic effects of TB infection. In the USA ( where it is easier to quantify health-related disbursement ) the entire one-year outgo on TB was in surplus of $ 700 million even a few old ages ago. It is believed that a similar figure ( proportionate to the population ) is incurred in the UK. ( Brown, Miller A ; Taylor 2005 ) Methodology The methodological analysis for this reappraisal has been to analyze and critically analyze the peer-reviewed literature on the topic and to deduce decisions from the grounds base thereby established Analysis of the activity Screening processs Screening programmes in the UK historically ( after WWII ) consisted of compulsory CXRs for all new immigrants. As the incidence of TB in the general population diminished, the cosmopolitan CXR was finally abandoned. It was besides the instance that it was discovered that the impact on the public wellness, in footings of a decrease of sputum-positive instances, overall morbidity or mortality, was negligible. ( Toman 1999 ) . The current policy in the UK is for immigrants to undergo CXR on reaching and so are later referred to the wellness authorization where they will later shack. Value of CXR The trouble here is that merely a really little proportion of immigrants who are screened with CXR are found to hold antecedently undiagnosed active pneumonic TB. Even from the high-incidence states it is lt ; 1 % ( Blum, Polish, Tapy, Catlin A ; Cohn 2003 ) . Paradoxically, it has been shown that the prevalence of instances of latent infection which are associated with CXR abnormalcies ( that is inactive TB and/or apical fibronodular disease ) is instead higher with Comstock et al. seting it at 3 – 5 % ( Comstock, Edwards A ; , Livesay 2004 ) . From the public wellness point of view, one has to see that it is rather possible to hold latent TB infection with no CXR abnormalcies at all and between 35 – 42 % of instances fall into this class. ( Nolan A ; Elarth 2005 ) Combination testing A more common and rational attack utilises a CXR to observe active tubercular disease and the tuberculin skin trial ( TST ) to observe any grade of latent infection. This method nevertheless, has non significantly reduced the incidence of TB in the community and hence one has top consider other methods of sensing such as phlegm civilizations, acid-fast staining and nucleic elaboration trials which are presently available. A figure of sero-assays and trials of cell-mediated unsusceptibility are being developed but should be considered under development at the present clip in this context. ( Wright, Walley, Philip, Petros A ; Ford 2010 ) If one considers the wellness publicity deductions of showing of immigrants so one has to see the comparative virtues of each of these activities. It is normal pattern in the literature to compare each process to the gilded criterion of a positive phlegm civilization. As has already been outlined, the CXR has a low positive predictive value and this is found to be even lower in instances of HIV/AIDS infection. Schoch et Al. hold pointed out that the huge bulk of positive CXRs are really false positive consequences. ( Schoch, Rieder, Tueller, Altpeter, Zellweger, Rieder, Krause A ; Turnheer 2007 ) Although sputum civilization is frequently referred to as the gilded criterion for diagnostic truth, one should observe that a individual civilization is no more sensitive than a CXR. It appears to be by and large accepted that a microbiological civilization of three to six phlegm samples is needed to be extremely sensitive for active pneumonic TB. The specificity of a TB civilization is really high and there are really few false positives and these by and large occur as a consequence of cross-contamination during research lab handling. ( Bothamley, Ditiu, Migliori A ; Lange 2008 ) Some Centres presently use acid-fast staining as a mechanism to increase the effectual choice up rate. This proves to be more specific but less sensitive than a CXR. ( Bothamley, et Al. 2008 Smart analysis If one considers this wellness publicity attack from the position of a SMART analysis. It is surely specific as it is designed to aim TB instances from abroad. It is manageable to a grade as, within the targeted population, it is manageable by the presently bing health care mechanisms, either by direct showing of some of those persons perceived to be at hazard, or reach following if the initial showing is neither done or has a false negative result.. It is provably accomplishable as it is already in topographic point, there is a bigger inquiry as to whether cosmopolitan showing of all reachings in the UK is accomplishable and the current policy is dictated on the premise that it is non. ( Lalvani A ; Pareek 2010 ) Relevance to the general Public Health is clear, as steps to curtail the spread of TB through the general population, peculiarly the drug immune strains, are clearly relevant. Time relation is more hard to measure as the policy is different for different immigrant groups. Those going on a short term clip graduated table ( less than six months ) are merely non screened. Some immigrants ( non all ) geting with the purpose of remaining longer than six months are screened. It would look that, in footings of clip consideration, some are screened prior to arrival and others after reaching in the UK so there is non a clearly defined reply to this inquiry. If considered from a strengths and failing point of view. The strengths are that the policy tends to aim long term immigrants, peculiarly from high hazard countries, which are the population group that are most likely to present a hazard to the general population. Clearly, holding identified those with active or latent TB, the mechanisms are available and active within the UK to adequately handle those who are identified and besides to reach hint and dainty any instances which may hold arisen through community contact with an identified septic person. The failings are that the current United kingdom policy allows in short term visitants, who may good be infected, unscreened, and relies on mechanisms of contact tracing and timeserving clinical intercession for new instances which arise periodically in the population. The short term ends for this current scheme appears to be to place those persons, chiefly from high hazard communities, who wish to shack long term in the UK and to either garbage admittance or to guarantee that they are on appropriate intervention prior to admittance to the UK. The longer term ends appear to be to cut down the exposure of the general UK population to instances of active and perchance drug-resistant TB from the immigrant population. This attack seems to be appropriate for the wellness publicity job which confronts the UK. It clearly is non perfect, as there is the possible for instances of TB to come into the state without any grade of medical showing, if they intend to be in the UK for less than six months. Although the official line is that TB requires prolonged contact in order to be a wellness hazard to another person, this is non purely true as there is no reputable grounds base to propose that contact has to be a lower limit of six months for transportation of TB between persons. ( Mack, Migliori, Sester, Reider, Ehklers A ; Goletti et Al. 2009 ) Evaluation Cost effectivity When Dasgupta et Al. studied the comparative cost-effectiveness of these assorted mechanisms for sensing of TB they found that the costs of testing utilizing a sputum civilization method were really higher per capita, the cost per instance of active TB found would be lower when compared to CXR. This is besides reflected in the other methods which, although their costs may really be lower in footings of showing costs, because of their decreased specificity, the overall costs would be much higher. From a Health Promotion point of view nevertheless, this is non the whole narrative as the cost of testing is non overriding. This is because testing carried out with a trial with greater specificity, such as sputum civilization, would necessarily ensue in fewer false-positive trials. In bend, this would ensue in lower costs for the clinical probe of persons who had false-positive trials. The importance of this remark is that the 2nd phase of a medical probe is more expensive than all screening trials. ( Dasgupta A ; Menzies 2005 ) Latent disease sensing Although the obvious impact of wellness publicity would be directed at the sensing and appropriate intervention of active TB. If one is sing the immigrant population of the UK, so latent signifiers of the disease processes are merely every bit of import to observe. As has already been discussed, phlegm trials are of no value and CXRs are of merely minimum value in this status. The TST is a trial which depends on the development of cell-mediated immune responses which merely occurs at some clip after exposure to the TB being. It is carried out by injection and is demonstrated to be positive with the development of skin sclerosis within 48 – 72 hours. Although this trial is considered to be the most effectual for the sensing of latent infection, in the presence of active infection between 10 47 % of patients will hold a falsely negative trial. ( Erkens, Slump, Kamphorst, Keizer, new wave Gerven, Bwire, Berkel A ; Borgdorff 2008 ) Health publicity benefits Health publicity considerations suggest that, in the USA at least, the TST trial is given to all immigrants who have come from a state of high TB incidence. The presence of latent infection amongst immigrants to the UK is presently about 30 75 % depending on state of beginning. A positive trial is normally followed up with a class of INH which will cut down the hazard of farther spread through the population. It should be noted that false positive consequences can happen with a past history of BCG inoculation every bit good as exposure to non-tuberculous mycobacterium, both contingencies being common among appliers from developing states. In a unusually elaborate survey, once more carried out in the USA ( chiefly for grounds of finding costs ) Saraiya et Al. calculated the cost-effectiveness of a Health Promotion enterprise which offered TNT testing to all new immigrants to the state. The inside informations of the survey are highly complex but, in kernel, the writers found that, in the twelvemonth 2002, without TST showing, 13,933 instances of active TB instances could be predicted, but, if a TNT showing programme together with isoniazid intervention was instituted, so 4,342 instances would be expected. The computations suggested that the net cost to the state without TST testing would be estimated at $ 338 million, and this compares to the cost with TST testing in the part of $ 258 million. ( Saraiya, Cookson A ; Tribble et Al. 2002 ) . These costings, although taking into history a immense figure of factors, do hold some defects such as there is no accounting of the set up costs of such a Health Promotion programme. The writers translated these figures into a net economy of $ 8,320 per instance of TB prevented. Any wellness publicity strategy has besides to take note of the fact that this is non an ideal universe which can be absolutely mathematically modelled and the Saraiya et Al. survey did non do allowances for factors such as any immigrant refusing to undergo TST proving or failure of those who did prove positive with TST to describe for subsequent medical rating. There is besides the possibility that the immigrants my garbage to get down the therapy if it is deemed to be appropriate. ( Naidoo A ; Wills 2005 ) Conformity Unfortunately such factors are non merely theoretical, they appear to interpret into pattern with surveies such as Cain et Al. showing that jobs such as these were responsible for a really significant decrease in the overall effectivity of the Health Promotion programme, as merely between 11 30 % of immigrants who had a positive TST trial were found to hold successfully completed an appropriate class of antimycobacterial therapy. ( Cain, Haley, Armstrong, Garman, Wells, Iademarco, Castro A ; Laserson 2007 ) . From a clinical point of view there is a farther complication nevertheless, and that appears to be that there is a sub-group of persons with latent TB who have unnatural CXRs and who are at an increased hazard of reactivation. Cain et Al. point out that hence CXR followed by TST showing may be a more effectual Health Promotion scheme and may be more cost effectual if it consequences in the eventual intervention of fewer immigrants who have latent infection, but who are at a greater hazard of reactivation. This protocol was investigated by Shwartzmann et Al. and, utilizing a Markov theoretical account, the writers attempted to work out the costings involved. Although the methodological analysis was non every bit rigorous as that employed by Saraiya et al. , they were able to reason that, in those immigrants who had latent tubercular disease with abnormalcies found on the CXR, a important figure could be targeted and prevented from reactivation. ( Schwartz adult male A ; Menzies 2004 ) . Education and conformity In the context of patient instruction, one can observe that this survey besides found that of the 353 patients who constituted the entry cohort, merely 145 really completed the preventive therapy class. It is non clear from the survey whether this group merely was lost to follow up or the health care professionals merely did non acquire over the message of the importance of taking the medicine, which may look counterintuitive to an immigrant who really has no obvious symptoms. Hazard issues If these wellness publicity steps were translated into the likely scenario of an immigrant coming to the UK from a high TB prevalence state, so Kik et Al. suggest that if the premise is made that the prevalence of latent TB was 50 % of all TB instances, so merely supplying CXR would be probably to forestall 1.2 active instances per 1,000 immigrants screened and the usage of the TST trial would be probably to forestall 2.9 instances per 1,000 immigrants screened. ( Kik, Franken, Mensen, Coblens, Kamphorst, Arend A ; Erkens 2010 ) . The TST government would be more expensive, non least because it would be expected to place a larger figure of low-risk persons every bit good as the group of as false-positive reactors who would all hence be considered campaigners for chemoprophylaxis. Contact following as wellness publicity activity Although this reappraisal has considered the wellness publicity effects of testing at immigrant entry to the UK, there is besides the mechanism of contact following which, a figure of surveies ( viz. Hardy, Varma, Collyns, Moffitt, Mullarkey A ; Watson 2010 ) have concluded, is besides a cost-efficient manner of restricting TB spread. The set up of the primary wellness attention construction in the UK is suited for such steps as community based contact following squads can be geographically positioned. Some of the early surveies ( viz Omerod 1993 ) estimated that 1 % of all immigrant contacts had active TB at the clip of the initial showing process and, at least at the clip of the survey, 10 % of all active TB instances which were later treated were identified entirely through the mechanism of following the contacts of those who were found to be positive. Such a mechanism is besides cost-efficient with Grzybowski et Al. showing that, in an entry cohort of 244 immigrants, 103 contact s were traced and 6 were found to hold active disease. ( Grzybowski, Fishaut, Rowe A ; Brown 2001 ) . The writers besides found that, because of the personal intercession of the health care professionals, there was a high conformity and intervention completion rate amongst this group. The big Underwood et Al. survey, which was completed in the UK, in a badly economically deprived country with chiefly Bangladeshi immigrants, went farther and demonstrated that contact following really proved to be more efficient than testing of new entrants at the point of entry. Using contact following entirely, the writers found 13 instances of active TB from contacts of 322 new immigrants. ( Underwood, White, Baker, Law A ; Moore-Gillon 2003 ) Decisions In decision, it is clear that wellness publicity requires designation of those immigrants who have active or latent TB and who arrive in the UK in appreciable Numberss. It is clear that there is no 1 showing technique which will adequately cover with all contingencies. Assessment and rating of the assorted techniques described demonstrate that each has peculiar strengths and failings. A considered combination of CXR and TST together with appropriate contact following appears to offer the most effectual mechanism for aiming intervention for those in demand and to understate the likeliness of farther disease transmittal. It is clearly problematic whether a showing programme which considers all immigrants ( peculiarly those from high hazard states ) is either executable of economically practical or whether the combination attack outlined above is a matter-of-fact via media which keeps the bulk of the active instances out of the UK with maximal cost effectivity How to cite Why Tuberculosis is a Public Health issue, Essay examples

Senior Citizens Essay Example For Students

Senior Citizens Essay Activity: Chapter 9After spending an afternoon interviewing my elderly neighbours I gained insight into how they perceive the aging process and its impact on the quality if their lives. First, and foremost they viewed aging in a very positive and healthy manner. The believed that a positive attitude assists in accepting physical and psychosocial changes. They enjoyed the fact that they were both physically fit and cognitively alert. They both felt confident that with the advances made in health care that the quality of their lives would continue to empowering. They enjoyed the benefits of being Senior Citizens, discounted travel, free education, and other incentives marketed towards the aged. The expressed a sense of well-being with respect to the numerous housing options geared towards the graying population, such as Retirement Villages, and assisted living. However, the subject of Long Term Care or Nursing Home placement was something that they both regarded with very negative emot ions. There was also a sense of sadness and longing for more contact with their offspring and grandchildren. In countries like China where grandparents are an integral part of the family, the United States has seen a major shift away from the nuclear family. It is my personal belief that America is a nation that suffers from ageism. It is the fear of growing old and the stereotypes that aging brings that causes ageism. Daily we are faced with advertisements that focus on youth, on looking, feeling, and acting young. However, as baby boomers move closer to the age of retirement this age grade, have and will make intelligent, empowering demands on how they are viewed. Age sets are defined as groups uniting individuals born during a specific time. These group associations unite members through material possessions, distinctive dance, and rituals. As a collective, this age set move together through their life span. In the United States where the concept of individuality is important, we do not see the practice of age sets. There are rituals the various age grades participate in such as confirmation or entering Head Start. However, these practices cannot compare to the concept of age sets. Research:Tribal societies grew from foraging band with the introduction of food production. Different subsistence systems, horticulturists, and pastoralists characterize these societies. Horticulturists that depend on agriculture can be found in the rain forest and tropical areas. Pastoralists such as the Nuer, who are involved with animals, are found in areas of Africa and the Middle East. Due to environmental changes the Nuer, spend a portion of the year on the banks of the Nile and during the rainy season, they move to higher ground. Due to food production the tribal society is able to sustain a larger population base than that of the small nomadic foraging band. urdock did a cross cultural study of both groups in 1067 and found that, the population base of the horticulturists can range from 100 to 5000 people compared to the base of 2500 for the pastoralists. The tribal society can also expand when alliances are formed with other neighbouring tribes. As in most modern foraging ba nds, there is some reliance on trade and food production. Both groups also experience slow population growth probably due to the limited resources of both group. Both groups practice infanticide and forms of birth control. This patriarchal society settles within defined boundaries, unlike the foragers who are very mobile always searching for food in order to maintain survival. It is because of these defined boundaries that tribal societies find warfare more prevalent that that of foraging bands. When anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon (Chagnon, 1997), studied the Yanomamo he found that the movement of this South American tribe was due to warfare with other tribes. Chagnon was able to therefore conclude, that in order for a tribe to maintain a locale there must be alliances formed with other neighbouring bands. .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 , .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 .postImageUrl , .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 , .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623:hover , .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623:visited , .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623:active { border:0!important; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623:active , .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623 .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud22c94b773ad9835081e5a30d9ffd623:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Now about surprises EssayScupin Raymond. (1998)Cultural Anthropology A Global Perspective

Themes of Italian Renaissance Art Essay Example For Students

Themes of Italian Renaissance Art Essay As the fourteenth century ushered out the Middle Ages in Italy, a new period of cultural flowering began, known as the Renaissance. This period in history was famous for its revival of classical themes and the merging of these themes with the Catholic Church. These themes of humanism, naturalism, individualism, classicism, and learning and reason appeared in every aspect of the Italian Renaissance, most particularly in its art. Humanism can be defined as the idea that human beings are the primary measure of all things Fleming, 29. Renaissance art showed a renewed interest in man who was depicted in Renaissance art as the center of the world. Pico della Mirandola said that, there is nothing to be seen more wonderful than man. Fleming, 284 This could almost be taken as a motto for Renaissance art. Michelangelos David clearly supports Mirandolas statement. Since Renaissance art focused on representing tangible, human figures, rather than depicting scenes from the Bible in order to praise God, the artists had to think in more natural, scientific terms. We will write a custom essay on Themes of Italian Renaissance Art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Artists became familiar with mathematics and the concept of space, as well as anatomy. Lorenzo Ghiberti studied the anatomical proportions of the body, Filippo Brunelleschi was interested in mathematics in architecture, Leone Battista Alberti, who was skilled in painting, sculpture and architecture, stressed the study of mathematics as the underlying principle of the arts Fleming, 285. Leonardo also looked at the geometric proportions of the human body Calder, 197. In painting, but especially in sculpture, artists were inspired to express the structural forms of the body beneath its external appearance. Their anatomical studies opened the way to the modeling and the movements of the human body. In painting, naturalism meant a more realistic representation of everyday objects. In Fra Angelicos Annunciation, he shows an exact reproduction of Tuscan botany Wallace, 237. Also, the concept of space was important. In painting, figures were placed in a more normal relationship to the space they occupied. Human figures tended to become more personal and individual. Three clear examples of that are Donatellos David, and Leonardos Mona Lisa and Last Supper, in which the twelve different expressions of the apostles were shown. Every statue, every portrait was an individual person who made a profound impression. Mary and the angel Gabriel became very human in Fra Angelicos Madonna Wallace, 45. Even when placed in a group, every individual figure stood out separately, as in Boticellis Adoration of the Magi. One form of art representing the individual was the portrait. Wealthy families and individuals commissioned artists to create statues and paintings. High regard for individual personality is demonstrated in the number and quality of portraits painted at this time Flemming, 286. Italian Renaissance humanism were motivated by a rediscovery of the values of Greco-Roman civilization. An example of architectural revival is Bramantes Tempietto, a small temple built where St. Peter is said to have been crucified. Bramante later got a chance to build on a much greater scale: St. Peters Basilica. Clearly using classical civilizations as his model Bramante said of St. Peters, I shall place the Pantheon on top of the Basilica of Constantine. Flemming, 309-310 Other architects went back to the central-type churches modeled on the Pantheon, rather than the rectangular basilica that had evolved over the centuries. They revived classical orders and blueprints. Decorative motifs were derived directly form ancient sacophagi, reliefs, and carved gems. Sculptors revisited the possibilities of the nude. Painters, however, didnt have the classical references that sculptors had, so they used mythological subjects. With all of the studying and learning of art in the Renaissance, it would be of little wonder that the subject of some of the art was learning itself. .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e , .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e .postImageUrl , .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e , .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e:hover , .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e:visited , .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e:active { border:0!important; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e:active , .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u755d8225f6e70d375bb398fd55b7290e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Examine the concept of the foreign in Renaissance literature EssayThe most famous example of this is Raphaels School of Athens. Raphael, along with Michelangelo, was placed in the painting among the ranks of artist-scholars. As members of a philosophical circle intent on reconciling the views of Plato and Aristotle, Raphael and his friends reasoned that Plato and Aristotle were saying the same thing in different words. The two philosophers were placed on either side of the central. On Platos side, there was a statue of Apollo, the god of poetry. On Aristotles side there was one of Athena, goddess of reason. Spreading outward on either side were groups corresponding to the separate schools of thought within the two major divisions Barrett, 87. No matter what theme of the Italian Renaissance is named, there is always some example of a corresponding art manifestation of it. For humanism it was David, for naturalism it was Annunciation, for individualism, it was The Last Supper, for classicism, it was St. Peters Basilica, and for learning and reason, it was The School of Athens. It was these themes, which dominated every other aspect of the Renaissance, that dominated the artistic aspect.

Free Essays on Rutherford B Hayes

Rutherford B. Hayes was considered by many to be a simple, uncontroversial, and honest man to run for the presidency. That is why many people are perplexed that such an astute person should have one of the most controversial elections and presidencies ever. Considering Hayes’ honorable principles, it came as a surprise to see how he could unknowingly make a decision about reconstruction where its effects were so blatantly derogatory to the cause he was trying to help. The controversy began when he was merely running for office. Hayes was running against Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. When the ballots were tallied in 1876, Hayes clearly lost the popular vote, and had lost the electoral vote 184 to 165 . However, twenty votes in Oregon, South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana were disputed due to the protest that blacks were not given the equal chance to go to the polls and vote. Congress created and electoral commission, which carefully decided that Hayes would receive all twenty votes. Facing the possibility that the country would be left without a president, both parties were considering taking the office by force. In spite of all the conflict, a deal was finally struck. Republicans made a secret deal with Democrats in congress, who agreed not to dispute the Hayes victory in exchange for a promise to withdraw federal troops from the south and end reconstruction . Hayes made good on the deal. He swiftly ended Reconstruction and pulled federal troops ou t of the last two occupied states, South Carolina and Louisiana . During the brief period of radical reconstruction the negro enjoyed both civil and political rights. This political bargain contained three generally recognized parts: 1) The north would keep hands off the ‘negro problem’. 2) The rules governing race relations in the South would be written by whites. 3) These rules would concede the negro limited civil rights, but neither social nor political equality (page 787) . It is ... Free Essays on Rutherford B Hayes Free Essays on Rutherford B Hayes Rutherford B. Hayes was considered by many to be a simple, uncontroversial, and honest man to run for the presidency. That is why many people are perplexed that such an astute person should have one of the most controversial elections and presidencies ever. Considering Hayes’ honorable principles, it came as a surprise to see how he could unknowingly make a decision about reconstruction where its effects were so blatantly derogatory to the cause he was trying to help. The controversy began when he was merely running for office. Hayes was running against Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. When the ballots were tallied in 1876, Hayes clearly lost the popular vote, and had lost the electoral vote 184 to 165 . However, twenty votes in Oregon, South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana were disputed due to the protest that blacks were not given the equal chance to go to the polls and vote. Congress created and electoral commission, which carefully decided that Hayes would receive all twenty votes. Facing the possibility that the country would be left without a president, both parties were considering taking the office by force. In spite of all the conflict, a deal was finally struck. Republicans made a secret deal with Democrats in congress, who agreed not to dispute the Hayes victory in exchange for a promise to withdraw federal troops from the south and end reconstruction . Hayes made good on the deal. He swiftly ended Reconstruction and pulled federal troops ou t of the last two occupied states, South Carolina and Louisiana . During the brief period of radical reconstruction the negro enjoyed both civil and political rights. This political bargain contained three generally recognized parts: 1) The north would keep hands off the ‘negro problem’. 2) The rules governing race relations in the South would be written by whites. 3) These rules would concede the negro limited civil rights, but neither social nor political equality (page 787) . It is ...

Styles and Strategies for Visual Learners

Styles and Strategies for Visual Learners Every classroom contains students with varying styles of learning. While most people can use any of the three primary styles auditory, visual and kinesthetic to learn information, their dominant style reflects their preferred form of instruction and easiest means of assimilating new knowledge. Teachers with a basic understanding of the three main styles can adapt their lessons to give all students the best chance of success. Visual Learners The typical visual learner prefers to read information in a textbook or on a whiteboard rather than listen to a lecture. Visualization techniques help them remember things. They often enjoy doodling and drawing and can use this practice as a study tool. Visual learners tend to use sight words in their everyday terminology. For example, they might say, Lets take a look at this. They easily remember details including colors and spatial arrangements, and they excel at memory games that require visual recall. They often have a good sense of direction because they can visualize maps and directions in their mind. Key Learning Methods for Visual Learners Visual learners learn best when they can see the material being taught. They follow instructions better when they can see a demonstration first, rather than just be told how to do something. Visual learners typically prefer images, maps, graphs and other visual representations to other forms of instruction. They like to read. Ways to Adapt Lessons for Visual Learners Include diagrams, mind maps, word webs, visuals and other forms of graphic organizers to help visual learners get the most from your instruction. Accompany oral instructions with a written recap before requiring students to complete an assignment. Further, avoid lecturing without accompanying notes and/or visuals. Ways for Visual Learners to Adapt Instruction to Their Style Students inevitably encounter teachers whose styles of instruction differ from their own learning preference. Visual learners can take control of their learning experience with techniques that adapt varying teaching methods to their visual strengths. For example, students can use highlighters when they review their notes, organize information into outlines and use flashcards to study for tests. Visual learners may also find that if they include images, mind maps, lists and other visual techniques in their notes, they more easily remember key information.   Other Learning Styles: Auditory Learners Kinesthetic Learners

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Analysis - Case Study Example The customer loyalty gained by this company emanates from the trust bestowed upon its good intentions and commitment to sharing the music experience with the community both locally and beyond. Although sharing a similar financial history, the companys principal competitors include the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra both of which have operated at deficits in the past. San Francisco Symphony has a high corporate strategy that appreciates its current position, its future aspirations and aims at defining the means of getting to its destination. Under its business strategy, the symphony can be said to have a good long-term plan on how to achieve its strategic objectives by the year 2018. In terms of its human resources, the company takes pride in the rich experience of its director, president and board members as a reliable, functional strategy for both its planning, development and marketing needs. The symphonys superior music experience in terms of recording and performance make up its strengths (Hall & Taylor, 2014). However, the consistent deficits and periodic poor financial performance is a weakness that must be improved to make the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s future brighter. Considering the customer base, and its good leadership, the Symphony has an open opportunity for growth. However, competition and the unionization of the music industry are major threats. An analysis of the competitiveness of the company, the ethical issues that arise in its operations, its financial status and the overall framework shall be made with the aim of establishing its actual position. The competitive analysis will adopt the Porters Five Forces analysis and the VRIO framework. The unstable financial stability of the company marked by consistent deficits will be deeply analysed. The study will endeavour to make recommendations that can improve the company in both its corporate, business and functional strategies. Through its

Southwest vs. Jetblue Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Southwest vs. Jetblue Airlines - Essay Example Southwest Airlines was first incorporated as Air Southwest Company on 15, March 1967. Its mission is to provide air transport to passengers within Texas State. However, Southwest Airline is currently operating in six states. It is serving over seventy cities, which enables the airline to make about three thousand three hundred flights daily. The porter’s five forces of the Airline industry with reference to Southwest Airline The first factor is the new entrant’s factor. Air industry is critical to economic growth and development. It is critical in any economy. Therefore, it is an industry perceived by many as highly lucrative. However, huge amount of capital is required to start air transport business and industry is riddled with high level risks. The industry also experiences complicated licensing, certification and regulations procedures, which makes it hard to penetrate. Furthermore, increasing cost of fuel makes it difficult for many people to venture it. The second factor is threats of substitutes. The substitutes to air transport are road, rail and water. Southwest Airline faces competition from road because most (80%) of its customers are domestic customers. If road transport improves, the airline may lose bulk of its domestic customers. Southwest Airline has been lobbying against the introduction of high speed rail transport services in the State of Texas. This is to prevent competition from substitutive high speed train services. Third factor to consider is the bargaining power of customers. Customers do not have a strong bargaining power in the air industry. As a result, they do not have a collective bargaining power to influence air prices. The fourth factor is the bargaining power of suppliers. Suppliers of aircrafts and spares are influential to prices making it difficult for operators to bargain. This is due to the standards on aircrafts and its spares that FAA imposes on operators. The operators must purchase genuine parts that are mostly expensive. The suppliers of fuel are few; therefore, they largely influence the prices of fuel. Airline operators do not have powers over the fuel suppliers and are left to develop ways of improving fuel efficiency. For example, Southwest Airlines introduced use of high pressure water to clean the engine, an exercise that improves fuel efficiency by 1.9 percent. The company has also managed to contain its employees through strong team coordination, open communication and promotion of work-life balance. Furthermore, the employees are also supported by top management. This has made employees proud of the company. Fifth factor to consider is the level of rivalry within the industry. This is among the real threats that can bring the industry down. Southwest Airline faces direct competition from JetBlue and AirTran Holdings, which are also low cost carriers. To minimize competition and increase its revenue base, the company acquired Muse Air in 1985, Morris Air in 1993, ATA Airlin es in 2008 and Air Tran Airways in 2011. Acquisitions enabled Southwest Airline to absorb key routes in the Pacific Norwest and acquire operating certificate as well as landing slots in LaGuardia Airport. However, the company failed to acquire Frontier Airlines thus lost Denver market. Strategic valuation method The strategic valuation method that is useful in valuing the company is the shareholder Value Analysis. Shareholder value analysis refers to financial analysis, which estimates the